#230: Combining Collaborative and Adaptive Learning: Constructive–Interactive Engagement through Concept Maps, Teachable Agents, and an Adaptive Tutor

Integrating intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) with computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) may support deeper learning by combining adaptive feedback with collaborative knowledge construction. This study examined whether integrating adaptive and collaborative supports promotes constructive–interactive engagement. Seventy-four university students participated in an experiment comparing three conditions: ITS-only (adaptive), concept map construction with a teachable agent (collaborative), and a hybrid condition combining both supports. Learning was measured using pre- and posttests, and collaborative processes were examined through concept maps and verbal interaction measures. Results showed that the hybrid condition achieved the highest learning gains, while adaptive support alone produced higher comprehension than collaborative support alone. Process measures showed no significant differences across conditions, suggesting that the hybrid condition maintained comparable levels of collaboration despite additional individual tasks. These findings suggest that integrating adaptive and collaborative supports can effectively support deeper learning in CSCL environments.